Linux operating system

Linux is the name given to the Unix computer operating system. Linux is one example of the development of free software and open source major. Like the free software and other open source generally, Linux source code can be modified, used and redistributed freely by anyone. The name "Linux" comes from the name of the author, which was introduced in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Systems, equipment systems and libraries usually come from the GNU operating system, which was announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. The GNU contribution is the basis of the alternative name GNU / Linux.

Linux has long been known for its use in servers, and backed by leading computer companies like Intel, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Novell, Oracle Corporation, Red Hat, and Sun Microsystems. Linux is used as the operating system on various types of computer hardware, including desktop computers, supercomputers, [4], and Embedded systems such as electronic book readers, video game systems (PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and XBox [5]), mobile phones and router. Information technology observers believe the success of Linux because Linux does not depend on the vendor (vendor independence), low operating cost, and compatibility is higher than the UNIX version is not free, as well as the safety factor and high stability compared to other operating systems like Microsoft Windows. These characteristics are also a testament to the excellence model of open source software development (open source software).
Linux operating system known as Linux distributions (Linux distribution) or Linux distributions generally include a device-support software such as web servers, programming languages, databases, desktop (desktop environment) such as GNOME, KDE and Xfce also has a package of office applications (office suite) as OpenOffice.org, KOffice, Abiword, Gnumeric and LibreOffice.

Linux Logo (Tux) began when Linus Torvalds was a walk in the park Perth. While we were walking it was Linus Torvalds in the stakes by Pinguin scores and fever for days. He thinks that the character of a penguin suited to be a logo of his new operating system. Then held a competition to design a new logo Linux, and the competition was won by Larry Ewing who managed to depict a penguin that is sitting.

Linux is a modular Unix-like operating system. Linux has a lot of design derived from the basic design of Unix that was developed in the period of the 1970s until the 1980s. Linux uses a monolithic kernel, the Linux kernel which handles process control, networking, peripherals and access the file system. Device drivers are integrated into the kernel. Many high-level functions in Linux are handled by separate projects which integrate with the kernel. The GNU userland is an important part of the Linux system that provides a shell and equipment that handles many basic functions of the operating system. In the kernel, these devices form a complete Linux system with a graphical user interface that can be used, typically runs on top of X Window System.

A brief history of operating systems-Unix operating system indicates the origin of Linux. Consider the concept and design despite having the same architecture, Linux does not have the source code is not free as well as Unix or Minix. The main difference between Linux and other popular operating systems lies in the Linux kernel and its components are free and open. Linux is not the only operating system in that category, however Linux is the best example and most used. Some software licenses are free and open source based on the principles of copyleft, a concept that embraces the principle: from the work produced must also be a copyleft copyleft. Free software license is the most common, GNU GPL, is a form of copyleft, and is used by the Linux kernel and the components from the GNU project. Linux system is closely related to POSIX standards, [18] SUS, [19] ISO and ANSI. However, the new Linux-FT distribution are POSIX.1 certified.
Projects free software, although developed in the form of collaboration, often released separately. However, because the license-free software licenses explicitly permit redistribution, there are projects that aim to collect software-the software and make it available at the same time in a form called Linux distributions.

A Linux distribution, commonly called a "distro", is a project that aims to organize a collection of Linux-based software and facilitate the installation of a Linux operating system. Linux distributions are handled by individuals, teams, volunteer organizations and commercial entities. Linux distributions have a system and application software in the form of packages and software that is specifically designed for installation and system configuration. The software is also responsible for updating the package. A Linux Distribution is responsible for the default configuration, and integration of security systems in general of the software packages of Linux systems.